Question 1

What Is Gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Gastroenteritis, often referred to as 'stomach flu' or 'food poisoning,' is an inflammation of the stomach and intestinal lining. It manifests through symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea, and abdominal pain. This illness is typically triggered by bacterial or viral infections; and it may also be induced by exposure to certain chemicals. While generally not severe for healthy individuals, gastroenteritis can lead to dehydration and may cause more severe symptoms.

Question 2

What Causes Gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Gastroenteritis arises from the immune system's inflammatory response in the stomach and intestines to combat infections, such as: (1) Viral Infections - Viruses such as norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus are common causes of gastroenteritis, especially in children. (2) Bacterial Infections - Bacteria like Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Shigella can lead to bacterial gastroenteritis, often resulting from contaminated food or water. (3) Parasitic Infections - Parasites like Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium can cause gastroenteritis, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water.

Question 3

How Is Gastroenteritis Transmitted?

Accepted Answer

Gastroenteritis is typically transmitted through: (1) Ingestion of Contaminated Food or Water - Consuming food or water contaminated with viruses, bacteria, or parasites can lead to gastroenteritis. (2) Person-to-Person Contact - Direct contact with an infected person, such as sharing utensils, food, or personal items, can transmit gastroenteritis. (3) Poor Hygiene Practices - Improper handwashing after using the restroom or before handling food can contribute to the spread of gastroenteritis. (4) Contact with Contaminated Surfaces - Touching surfaces or objects contaminated with infectious agents and then touching the mouth or face can transmit gastroenteritis.

Question 4

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of gastroenteritis are usually mild and resolve within 1-2 days, although in some instances, they may persist for up to 10 days. These symptoms commonly include: Diarrhoea, Abdominal pain or cramping, Nausea, Vomiting, and Fever. However, in rare instances, these symptoms can lead to dehydration and more severe complications. Prompt medical attention is necessary if you experience more serious symptoms such as: Changes in mental state, Diarrhoea lasting for several days, High fever, Frequent vomiting, Severe abdominal pain, and Stools containing blood or pus.

Question 5

How Is Gastroenteritis Diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

Gastroenteritis is typically diagnosed based on symptoms, activity history and medical history. In some cases, laboratory tests may be conducted, such as stool tests to detect bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Additionally, a physical examination may be performed to assess symptoms and rule out other conditions.

Question 6

What are the Treatments for Gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Treatment for gastroenteritis focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing dehydration. This may include: (1) Fluid Replacement - Drinking plenty of fluids, such as water, oral rehydration solutions, or clear broths, to replace lost fluids and electrolytes due to vomiting and diarrhoea. (2) Medications - Medications may help alleviate symptoms of diarrhoea and nausea, as well as to fight against the infection. (3) Dietary Recommendations - Gradually reintroduce bland, easy-to-digest foods like rice, bananas, toast, and applesauce once vomiting and diarrhoea have subsided. It is advisable to avoid spicy, fatty, or irritating foods that can exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms.

Question 7

How Can Gastroenteritis Be Prevented?

Accepted Answer

Preventing gastroenteritis involves practising good hygiene and food safety measures to reduce the risk of infection. Here are some preventive measures: (1) Hand Hygiene - Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom, changing diapers, and before preparing or eating food. (2) Food Safety - Ensure proper food handling, storage, and preparation. Cook foods thoroughly, avoid cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods, and refrigerate leftovers promptly. (3) Clean Water - Drink safe and clean water from reliable sources. Use boiled or filtered water if unsure about its quality, especially while travelling to areas with poor sanitation. (4) Personal Hygiene - Avoid sharing utensils, towels, or personal items with individuals who are sick. Stay home from work or school if experiencing symptoms of gastroenteritis to prevent spreading the infection to others. (5) Vaccination - Depending on the cause of gastroenteritis, vaccines may be available to prevent certain types of viral or bacterial infections.

Question 8

How long does food poisoning last?

Accepted Answer

Symptoms of food poisoning can begin anywhere from a few hours to several weeks after exposure to the causative bacteria or pathogen. Typically, these symptoms resolve within 12-48 hours; but more serious cases will last longer.

Question 9

Why is it important to stay hydrated during gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Staying hydrated during gastroenteritis is crucial to prevent dehydration, which can occur due to fluid loss from symptoms like diarrhoea and vomiting. Replenishing fluids helps restore electrolyte balance and supports the body's ability to recover from the illness.

Question 10

When should I see a doctor for food poisoning?

Accepted Answer

Seek medical attention for food poisoning if you experience severe symptoms like bloody diarrhoea, diarrhoea lasting over 3 days, high fever, or excessive vomiting. Additionally, seek medical care if you show signs of dehydration such as decreased urination, dry mouth, or dizziness when standing.